A new species of the bark louse genus Paramanicapsocus (Insecta, Psocodea, Manicapsocidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber.

A new fossil psocodean species of the previously monospecific genus Paramanicapsocus is described from Burmese amber, namely Paramanicapsocus xingyuei sp. n.. This new species can be distinguished from the other species P. longiantennatus based on the hindwing vein M two-branched and the female gonapophyses with robust external valves.

A New Genus and Species of the Suborder Trogiomorpha (Insecta, Psocodea) from Mid-Cretaceous Amber of Myanmar.

We established a new genus with a new species Brachyantennum spinosum Liang et Liu, gen. et sp. nov. from mid-Cretaceous Burmese Kachin amber. It is tentatively placed into the suborder Trogiomorpha, based on the strong external valve, the reduced dorsal and ventral valve, and the short subgenital plate covering the basal part of the external valve. This new genus is apparently close to the family Cormopsocidae, based on the well-developed and very long hindwing Sc vein. However, its familial placement is ambiguous and it can be excluded from the established families of Trogiomorpha by the presence of the tarsal ctenidiobothria on the mid- and hindleg.

Revision of the bark louse genus Ceratostigma Li, 2002 (Psocodea: Psocidae: Psocinae) with description of a new species from China.

The bark louse genus Ceratostigma Li, 2002 is revised with description of Ceratostigma stagona sp. n., from Xizang Autonomous Region, China. A new combination of an Indonesian endemic species, C. lisae (Thornton, 1984) comb. n., is proposed, and thus Ceratostigma is newly recorded from Indonesia. A distribution map and a key to species of Ceratostigma are also provided.

A New Cixiid Fossil Genus of the Tribe Acrotiarini from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber (Insecta, Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha).

A new Burmese amber genus Maculixiusgen. nov. with its type species Maculixius jiewenaesp. nov. is described in the planthopper family Cixiidae. This new genus is unique in Burmese Cixiidae by its forewing venation, with Pcu and A1 merging in the middle of clavus, the late bifurcation of ScP+R slightly after this level, and the early CuA forking well before this level. Although the head capsule is missing, it belongs to the recently described tribe Acrotiarini, based on the pentacarinated mesonotum and the distinctly arched RA on forewing with cell C1 wider submedially than apically. Morphological characteristics of Acrotiarini are discussed, and a key to identification of Acrotiarini genera is provided. The new taxon broadens the knowledge of the tribe, and it underlines the already great diversity of the family in the Cretaceous.

Dipsocus gen. n.: A new bark louse genus of the tribe Thyrsophorini (Psocodea: Psocidae: Psocinae), with description of a new species from China.

A new bark louse genus of the tribe Thyrsophorini, namely Dipsocus gen. n., is herein described. This genus differs from the other genera of Thyrsophorini by male hypandrium divided into two parts, basal part strongly sclerotized, distal part weakly sclerotized; female pigmented area of subgenital plate roughly T-shaped, stem of T-shaped area thread-like and distally bifurcated. We also describe a new species, i.e., D. fashengi sp. n., from Guangxi, China, and provide a key to the seven Thyrsophorini genera found in China.

A new species of Psyllipsocus (Psocodea: Trogiomorpha: Psyllipsocidae) from the mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar.

A new psocodean species of the family Psyllipsocidae, namely Psyllipsocus yangi sp. n., is described from the Burmese amber. This is the third species of Psyllipsocus from the Burmese amber and is the first Cretaceous Psyllipsocus species with a conical sensillum in mx2. Detailed description of the characters of mouthparts and genitalia are provided. The present finding suggests that Sinopsyllipsocus is a probable synonym of Psyllipsocus.

Systematic Identification of Pathogenic Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023 That Causes Common Scab and Genomic Analysis of Its Pathogenicity Island.

Potato scab, a serious soilborne disease caused by Streptomyces spp., occurs in potato-growing areas worldwide and results in severe economic losses. In this paper, the pathogenicity of Streptomyces strain AMCC400023, isolated from potato scabs in Hebei Province, China, was verified systematically by the radish seedling test, the potato tuber slice assay, the potted back experiment, and the detection of phytotoxin thaxtomin A. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics were determined, and the 16S ribosomal RNA analyses of Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023 were carried out. To obtain the accurate taxonomic status of the pathogen strain, the whole genome was sequenced, and the phylogenetic tree among 31 Streptomyces genomes was formed. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) were analyzed, and at the same time, the toxicity-related genes between Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023 and Streptomyces scabiei were compared, all based on the whole-genome level. All of the data supported that, instead of a member of S. scabiei, test strain Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023 was a distinct phytopathogen of potato common scab, which had a relatively close relationship with S. scabiei while separating clearly from S. scabiei at least in the species level of taxonomic status. The complete pathogenicity island (PAI) composition of Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023 was identified, which contained a toxin region and a colonization region. It was conjectured that the PAI of Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023 might be directly or indirectly acquired from S. scabiei 87-22 by horizontal gene transfer, or at the very least, there was a very close homologous relationship between the two pathogens as indicated by a series of analyses, such as phylogenetic relationships among 31 Streptomyces species, ANI and isDDH analyses, PAI structure mapping, thaxtomin A synthetic gene cluster tree construction, and most important, the collinearity analysis at the genome level.

The bark louse family Stenopsocidae (Psocodea: Psocomorpha) newly recorded from Laos, with description of three new species.

The order Psocodea is poorly known from Laos. Here three new species of Stenopsocidae were described, i.e., Malostenopsocus lacteus sp. nov., Stenopsocus abnomis sp. nov., and Stenopsocus wangi sp. nov. Stenopsocus externus Banks, 1937 is also newly recorded from Laos.

A new genus and species of the paraneopteran family Archipsyllidae in mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar.

Paraneoptera is a group of orders, representing one of the highly diverse clades of winged insects. Paleozoic and Mesozoic fossil paraneopterans include a few primitive species, which are significant for understanding the early evolution of Paraneoptera. Here we report a new genus and species, namely Burmopsylla maculata gen. et sp. nov. from the mid-Cretaceous (ca. 99 Myr) amber of Myanmar. The new genus belongs to the family Archipsyllidae by having hindwing similar to forewing (shape, size and venation), presence of forewing ra-rp, rp-m and cua-cup crossveins, two-branched R, four-branched M, and four-segmented tarsus. The new species represents the second species of Archipsyllidae in Cretaceous Burmese amber.

DNA barcoding and taxonomic review of the barklouse genus Stenopsocus (Psocoptera: Stenopsocidae) from Taiwan.

The barklouse genus Stenopsocus Hagen is the most diverse group of the family Stenopsocidae, with 139 described species recorded from China in a previous study. However, due to the considerably similar morphology, species identification in this genus is problematic. In the present study, we used DNA barcoding to delimit the six Stenopsocus species currently recorded in Taiwan. Our results show that S. aphidiformis, S. niger, S. tibialis, S. makii, and S. formosanus can be clearly distinguished based on COI sequences. Although genetic divergence between S. formosanus and S. externus was not detected, we tentatively consider that these two species are valid based on their remarkably different morphological features. Re-descriptions of these six valid species are provided. Stenopsocus niger is newly recorded from Taiwan, and S. formosanus newly recorded from Vietnam.

Graphopsocus (Psocoptera: Stenopsocidae) newly recorded from Vietnam, with one new species.

The bark lice genus Graphopsocus Kolbe is here recorded from Vietnam with G. vietnamicus sp. n. distinguished by dis tinctive forewing markings. A key is provided to adults of Graphopsocus species from Southeast Asia.